Fractional distillation takes place at an oil refinery. Most of the compounds in crude oil consist of molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only, we call these type of compounds hydrocarbons we represent hydrocarbons in the following ways. The fractional distillation of the crude oil is the starting point for the manufacturing of gasoline, lubricating oil, diesel, fuel oil, chemicals and plastics. What is fractional distillation fractional distillation is a separation technique that is used for liquids that dissolve in each other. Fraction are groups of compounds with carbon chains of similar length. This is a quiz called chemistry gcse 5 fractional distillation and crude oil and was created by member mrs lusty. Fractional distillation of crude oil the student room. Although the crude oil enters the fractionating column as a vapour or a gas, many of the fractions are collected as liquids. As organic chem alkanes aqa a level chemistry crude oil can someone explain distillation. Fractional distillation of crude oil gcse secondary. Therefore, distillation is a feasible separation technique.
In industry, such as in the fractional distillation of crude oil see. Crude oil contains a mixture of hydrocarbons grouped into fractions with different boiling points. In this video, we look at how the hydrocarbons in crude oil are separated by fractional distillation. I know very little about chemistry and just randomly picked numbers here. Crude oil is useless until we separate this mixture using fractional distillation. They are called hydrocarbons because they only contain the elements hydrogen and carbon to make crude oil useful, batches of similar compounds with similar properties need to be sorted. Can someone explain fractional distillation of crude oil please why is crude oil considered a fossil fuel when it isnt used as a fuel. Fractional distillation begins when the crude oil, which is a mixture of different hydrocarbons, is put into a highpressure steam boiler. The different compounds in crude oil are separated by fractional distillation.
It is evaporated to vapour and it rises up the column. Learn crude oil chemistry with free interactive flashcards. The distillation process helps in separating these components effectively. Deliberate thought by kevin macleod is licensed under a creative commons attribution licence. Use the diagram to help you to explain how crude oil is separated into fractions. Crude oil is used to produce many useful materials. Crude oil can be separated into different fractions using fractional distillation. Gcse science chemistry 91 fractional distillation of. As the vapour goes up the column, the temperature decreases 3.
Investigate the fractional distillation of synthetic crude oil and the ease of ignition and. I was wondering whether distillation of crude oil always yields the same ratios of fuel or if that ratio can be influenced. Chemical compounds are separated by heating them to a temperature at which one or more fractions of the mixture will vaporize. Different substances have different boiling points, at which they start to evaporate or condense again. A petrol, diesel oil, kerosene, heavy fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gases lighter fuel, bitumen 3 marks q10. Fractional distillation gcse chemistry will we continue to learn about organic chemistry after crude oil has finished.
Simple fractional distillation doc can be carried out using synthetic crude oil. You will find small variations of this table in different textbooks. Qwc 6 mark answer practice secondary science 4 all. The many hydrocarbons in crude oil may be separated into fractions, each of which contains molecules of a similar size, by evaporating the oil and allowing it to condense at a number of different temperatures this process is called fractional distillation.
Youll see that our gcse chemistry, along with biology and physics, is a clear straightforward specification. Crude oil is described as a fossil fuel but it is much more important than that as many plastics have crude oil as a raw material. You should use the words evaporated and condensed in. The process separates the many hydrocarbons in crude oil into useful fractions. You can also browse amazons limitedtime free kindle books to find out what books are free right now. Crude oil is not renewable as it takes years to form, this makes it ever more precious. If you cook the mixture, you will get steam and alcohol vap. Liquids that dissolve in each other are called miscible. Making crude oil usefulfractional distillation and. Production of refinery gas, light gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, gas oil and residue fractions. Fractional distillation involves the higher boiled fractions collect near the bottom of the column. Crude oil is heated at the bottom of a fractionating column. Elements of fractional distillation by clark shove robinson and edwin richard gllliland. Fractional distillation of crude oil fractional distillation gcse.
Key stage 3 worksheet on distillation and making ribena. Edexcel international gcse chemistry student book second edition 9781510405202. Crude oil i will be using crude oil as a recurring example during my powerpoint it represent the mixture. Designed by expert teachers for the edexcel gcse 91 chemistry syllabus.
Play this quiz called chemistry gcse 5 fractional distillation and crude oil and show off your skills. A little extra on fractional distillation for advanced a level students. The majority of the use we get out of crude oil is as fuel. Gcse chemistry specification specification for first teaching in 2016. Fractional distillation of crude oil refining uses of fractions, methane. This process separates the different components of crude oil so that they can be further refined. In general, shorter chain hydrocarbons are more useful than longer chains. The resulting fractions have different uses depending on their properties, and some fractions are more useful than others. There is a condenser at the top of the fractionating column that condenses out any remaining molecules with at least 5 carbon atoms these are most likely to be small amounts of gasolinepetrol sized molecules from the crude oil and are added to the tray outlet pipe for the gasolinepetrol fraction. How does fractional distillation use heat to perform its purpose. Crude oil is the untouched oil as it comes out of the ground.
A common example of fractional distillation in industries is the separation of various components of crude oil. Fractional distillation title the many hydrocarbons in crude oil may be separated into fractions, each of which contains molecules of a similar size, by evaporating the oil and allowing it to condense at a number of different temperatures. Chemistry for edexcel international gcse hodder education. Fractional distillation detailed explanation along with. State what must be done to the crude oil before it enters the fractionating column. These batches are called fractions and they are separated by fractional distillation. Powerpoint presentation on crude oil, how it is created, fractional distillation, hydrocarbons, combustion, alkenes, global warming and acid rain. In order to make it useful for a wide range of purposes, it undergoes fractional distillation where the different lengths of alkanes are separated. This task is best used once students have been introduced to the key concepts in distillation. Petrol and other fuels are produced from it using fractional distillation. In this online course, learn about the key subjects in science. Students read about how ribena is made and use this context to answer questions on distillation and filtration. Choose from 500 different sets of crude oil chemistry flashcards on quizlet.
In this online course, learn indepth knowledge of general, organic and analytic chemistry through topics such as chemical equilibrium and chromatography. Fractional distillation organic chemistry, organic. The fractional distillation of crude oil carries out several steps. Crude oil normally contains substances such as paraffin wax, gasoline, diesel, naphtha, lubricating oil and kerosene. More advanced learners, aged 1416, can repeat simple distillation to consolidate understanding and skills, for example with a fluorescein solution, which becomes more vividly green as the colourless water distils off. Chemical bonding, application of chemical reactions and organic chemistry. When this happens, all the crude oil evaporates and the vapour or gas rises through the column 2. The models provide a lab scale simulation of the fractional. Past paper questions crude oil, fractional distillation.
Fractional distillation an overview sciencedirect topics. Chemistry gcse 5 fractional distillation and crude oil. Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions. Learn about crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes with bitesize gcse chemistry aqa. Pdf distillation process of crude oil researchgate.
Aqa gcse chemistry for combined science student book sample. Cracking is used to convert long alkanes into shorter, more useful hydrocarbons. Crude oil is a mixture of a very large number of compounds it is formed from the remains of plants and animals which died millions of years ago. Free support resources for chemistry for you 5th edition. Heating the mixture of the substances of crude oil liquids with different boiling points to a. Once it enters the modern refinery, crude oil goes through a process called fractional distillation. Learn about the process of oil distillation in order to create fuels and plastics with bbc bitesize gcse chemistry. Gcse science chemistry 91 crude oil and hydrocarbons. Crude oil is a mixture of many thousands of different compounds with different properties. Fractional distillation of crude oil flashcards quizlet. A heat vaporises the crude oil 1 mark short hydrocarbons have lower boiling point longer ones. Distillation teaching resources the science teacher.
It is an exceptionally valuable resource that is made up mostly of alkanes. Uses of fractional distillation chemistry libretexts. Acces pdf fractional distillation of air gcse past paper. Fractional distillation the majority of our fuels and plastics are derived from oil.
Crude oil substitute highly flammable and harmful see cleapss hazcard and cleapss recipe book. The fractional distillation of crude oil resource rsc education. This video explains how crude oil is separated into different fractions using fractional distillation. The aqa gcse science textbooks are in the aqa approval process. This book and the early revisions were the result of the efforts of professor robinson, and he took an active part in guiding the revision of the previous edition. Fractional distillation is used to separate the fractions of hydrocarbons present in crude oil. Fractional distillation of crude oil fractions and useful products. Crude oil is separated into different hydrocarbons molecules which are made of just carbon and hydrogen. Pearson edexcel level 1level 2 gcse 9 1 in chemistry 1ch0. Fractional distillation of crude oil refining uses of fractions, methane, fuel gas, lpg, gasoline, petrol, diesel oil, gas oil, naphtha, paraffin, kerosine, bitumen, lubricating oil, waxes gcse chemistry revision notes igcse revising ks4 science, 2015. Gcse chemistry what are the names of the fractions of. Crude oil petroleum is composed of mostly hydrocarbons alkanes and aromatics, and is a tremendous mixture of compounds consisting of between 5 and 40 carbon atoms. For aqa science a fractional distillationcrude oil lesson two part.
Nov 1, 2017 fractional distillation of crude oil poster a3 refining is the manufacture of petroleum products from crude oil. This method can be used because different hydrocarbons have different boiling points. Br makes models for the fractional distillation of crude oil on the laboratory scale according to astm d2892 and d5236. This chapter discusses the development of fractional distillation method. A liquid can be separated from a mixture of liquids in a solution by fractional distillation the solution is heated until it boils.
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